DEFINITION
Strabismus (crossed eyes) is a condition characterized by
eye deviation lies one against the other eye, so vision is not parallel, at the
same time both eyes are not focused on the same thing.
There are several types of strabismus
1. esotropia: eyes strayed toward the
2. exotropia: eye deviated outwards
3. Hipertropia: eyes strayed toward the top
4. Hipotropia: eye deviated downward
Pseudo Strabismus (Squint False)
Many babies or children Asia, especially descent / ethnic,
looks like a cross-eyed into. This situation occurs due to the folds of skin at
the corners of the eyes or nose were still rather wide. If during an eye
examination is not found squint, it is called Pseudo strabismus (squint false)
and does not require action / therapy.
CAUSE
The exact cause is unknown strabismus. Eye has six muscles
attached to the outside wall of the eyeball. To organize and focus an object,
all eye muscles must work together in a balanced manner. So, to move both eyes,
eye muscles in each eye must be coordinated. The brain will control the
activities of this coordination.
Strabismus is often found in children who suffer from brain
disorders, such as:
·
Cerebral Palsy
·
Down Syndrome
·
Hydrocephalus
·
Brain tumor
·
Premature
Cataracts or eye trauma affecting visual acuity can also
cause strabismus. However, most children with strabismus had no history of
this. Patients with strabismus generally also have a history of strabismus in
her family.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms include:
·
crossed eyes (crossed), the main symptom of
strabismus is an eye that is not straight.
·
eyes do not point in the same direction, means
that if one eye focused on a single object, the other eye fixed on another
object.
·
uncoordinated eye movements
·
double vision, double vision can also occur as a
result of both eyes do not focus on the same object.
·
Sometimes children will squint one eye or
frequent flashes when bright sunlight or tilt their head to see an object.
DIAGNOSIS
Tests that can be performed:
·
Standard eye examination
·
Visual acuity
·
Retinal examination
·
Neurological examination (nerve)
TREATMENT
If up to 9 years old children strabismus is not treated, it
can happen that permanently impaired vision in the affected eye (amblyopia). In
children who are smaller, faster amblyopia occurs; while the children are
bigger, healing takes longer. Therefore the earlier the treatment is done, the
visual disturbances that occur are not too heavy and the response given will be
better.
Closing the normal eye with a cover (patching) can improve
vision in the eye that misses the point by forcing the brain to receive an
image of the eye without producing double vision. Correcting vision function
will provide better opportunities to the development of normal 3-dimensional
vision. Having the same vision in both eyes, surgery can be done to adjust the
strength of the eye muscles so that they attract the eye with the same
force.
Accommodative esotropia in children nearsightedness can be
corrected with glasses so that when viewing objects at a distance, the eye does
not need berakomodasi.
Paralytic strabismus can be corrected with glasses
comprising a prism lens (which refract light so that both eyes receive almost
the same picture) or can be treated with surgery.
Until the age of 10 years, children should undergo regular
eye examinations.
REFERENCE
- K, Neil K. Strabismus. Medline Plus. 2012.
-
Http://jec.co.id/services/children-eye-care-service/strabismus/
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