DEFINITION
Seboreik Dermatitis is an inflammation of the upper skin,
which causes scales on the scalp, face and sometimes on other body parts.
The term seborrheic dermatitis (DS) is used for a multitude
of skin disorders based on the factor of the constitution and housed in places
seborrheic, namely: Area seborrheic which part of the body that many sebaceous
glands (gland fat) are: head ("Scalp", the ears, the channel ear,
behind the ear, neck), face (eyebrows, eyelids, glabella / forehead, nasolabial
folds, lips, mustache, cheeks, nose, beard / chin), upper trunk (the area
presternum, area interscapular, areolae mammary / nipple) and folding-folding
(armpit, folding under the mammary / breast, umbilical / navel, folding thigh,
anogenital region / sex and folding butt).
CAUSE
The cause is unknown. Seboreik dermatitis is often found as
a hereditary disease in a family.
Some risk factors for dermatitis seboreik:
·
Stress
·
Fatigue
·
Cold weather
·
Oily skin
·
Rarely wash your hair
·
Use of lotions that contain alcohol
·
Skin diseases (eg acne)
·
Obesity (overweight)
·
Drinking alcohol
SYMPTOMS
Seboreik dermatitis usually develop gradually, causing dry
or greasy scales on the scalp (dandruff), occasionally accompanied by itching
but without hair loss.
In the more severe cases, arising beruntusan / scaly
yellowish to reddish pimples along the hairline, behind the ears, in the ear
canal, eyebrows and chest.
In newborns aged less than 1 month, seborrheic dermatitis
causes scab thick yellow rash on the scalp (cradle cap) and sometimes appears
as yellow scales behind the ear or beruntusan red in the face. Rash on the
scalp is often accompanied by a diaper rash.
In children, dermatitis seboreik can cause a rash on the
scalp thick refractory.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis
1. The typical clinical symptoms.
2. Histopathological examination: an overview of chronic
dermatitis, spongiosis clearer. Can be found in the epidermis with focal parakeratosis
Munro abscesses. In the dermis there is dilation of blood vessels at the top
end of the papillary stratum cell infiltration with neutrophils and monocytes.
3. Examination of 10-20% KOH: negative, no hyphae or
blastokonidia.
4. Wood's lamp examination: negative fluorescent (color
violet).
TREATMENT
Seboreik dermatitis treatment:
a) Systemic
1) Antihistamines H1 as a sedative and anti-itch.
2) Vitamin B complex.
3) Oral corticosteroids can reduce the incidence of
seborrheic dermatitis. Eg Prednisone 20-30 mg a day for severe forms. If there
has been improvement, the dose lowered slowly.
4) Antibiotics such as penicillin, erythromycin on secondary
infection (seborrheic dermatitis).
5) Isotretinoin may be used. The effect is to reduce the activity
of sebaceous glands. The gland size can be reduced up to 90%, resulting in a
reduction in sebum production. The dose is 0.1-0.3 mg per kg of body weight per
day, improvement appeared after 4 weeks. After it was given a maintenance dose
of 5-10 mg per day for several years that it is effective to control the
disease.
b) Topical
1) Wash your hair with Selenium sulfide (Selsun) scalp 2-3
times a week for 5-15 minutes or washed with a solution of salicylic 1% or 2-4%
sulfur solution or in the form of a cream.
2) Topical corticosteroids or creams may provide temporary
relief.
Corticosteroids topical (applied to the skin) such as
Hydrocortisone can accelerate relapse, create dependency because of a rebound
effect, so it is not recommended except for short-term use.
PREVENTION
Avoid all factors that aggravate, fatty foods, and emotional
stress. Hair care, washed and cleaned with shampoo.
REFERENCE
Juanda Adhi, Budimulja Unandar, "seborrheic
dermatitis" and "Tinea capitis", in Juanda Adhi, Science Skin
and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Third
Edition, Page 93-95, 183-185, Faculty of Medicine Publishers Hall, Jakarta,
2002
Siregar, R., S., "Seborrhoeic Dermatitis", the
quintessence of Color Atlas of Skin Diseases, Second Edition, Page 104-106,
Hall Publishers EGC, Jakarta, 2002
Schwartz, Robert, et al, "Seborrheic Dermatitis: An
Overview", in http://www.aafp.org/afp., American Family Physician, 2006
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