DEFINITION
Retinal detachment is a separate / detachment of the retina
from the underlying tissue backers.
CAUSE
The retina is a transparent membrane at the back of the eye
that process the image focused on the retina by the cornea and lens.
Retinal detachments can be started in a small area, usually
due to a tear in the retina. If not treated immediately, the entire retina can
come loose. Retinal tears can cause retinal detachment is more likely to occur
in people with:
·
Severe myopia
·
Cataract surgery
·
Eye injury
·
Lattice retinal degeneration (thinning and
scarring of the retina)
·
Family history of retinal detachments
When a detached retina, the retina detached from the layer
that supply blood to the retina. If not attached back, they can lead to
permanent damage to the retina due to lack of blood.
Sometimes retinal detachments are not caused by the tear.
Retinal detachment can occur as a complication of the disease that causes
damage to the retina, for example, diabetes and inflammatory diseases. Retinal detachments
also often occur spontaneously. In premature infants, retinal detachment can
occur due to retinopathy of prematurity result.
SYMPTOMS
Retinal detachments do not cause pain. Patients usually see
objects hovering (floaters) in the visual field or the number of flashes of
light or bright light that appears overnight, as well as the vision becomes
blurred.
Usually vision is lost first is the edge of the field of
vision, loss of vision extends in line with the development of retinal
detachment. Loss of vision causes visual field grayish or looked like the
curtain coming down on sight.
Some cases of retinal detachment initially causes no
symptoms. But if the macula apart, it will soon happen impaired vision and
sight becomes blurred.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is based on symptoms exist and eye examination
results. Retinal detachments can usually be seen using an ophthalmoscope. If
the detached retina is not visible, it can be helped by eye ultrasound
examination to identify.
Retinal detachments
TREATMENT
Most retinal detachments can be repaired. A tear in the
retina can be repaired with laser surgery or freezing therapy (cryotherapy).
Often detached retina reattached to provide gas bubbles to hold the retina in
place.
Retinal detachment caused by diseases that affect the
retina, such as diabetes, can be treated with vitrectomy, which is surgery to
remove the vitreous fluid in front of the retina. Then air, gas, or liquid
injected into the vitreous space to attach the retina back.
Surgery is not always able to re-attach the retina, and the
retina were successfully attached back guarantee is not able to return to
normal vision. The improvement in vision after surgery depends on the location
of retinal detachment, if the macula is affected, and how long retinal detachment
occurs. The recovery of eyesight may take several months after the retina
re-attached. Vision loss can not be recovered in some patients.
PREVENTION
Use goggles to prevent trauma to the eye.
People with diabetes should control their blood sugar levels
carefully.
If you have a risk of suffering from retinal detachment,
eyes tested at least annually.
REFERENCE
- G, Sunir J. detachment of the retina. Merck Manual Home
Health Handbook. 2013.
- Mayo Clinic. Retinal Detachment. 2013.
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