DEFINITION
Penile cancer is a malignancy that occurs in the penis.
CAUSE
Suspected cause is smegma (smelling liquid that resembles
cheese, which is located beneath the front skin of the glans penis). But the
exact cause is unknown.
Uncircumcised men who do not maintain the cleanliness of the
area under the foreskin and the glans penis of men who have had genital herpes
have a higher risk of penile cancer.
Another important predisposing factor for the occurrence of
penile cancer is human papilloma virus infection, and disease lichen sclerosus
of the penis.
SYMPTOMS
Penile cancer is rare. The risk of penile cancer is higher
in men who have not been circumcised. A person should be aware of cancer of the
penis if there is an abnormal fluid coming out of the penis, bleeding, growth /
mass on the penis tissue, or the presence of abnormal wound on the penis.
Symptoms of penile cancer is usually in the form of
injuries, pain, or bleeding in the penis, especially at an advanced stage.
Penile cancer generally occurs on the glans penis, which is
the tip of the penis which is covered by a piece of skin (the prepuce) in men
who are not circumcised (circumcision).
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and physical examination
there. Biopsy can be done to confirm the diagnosis.
TREATMENT
Penile cancer treatment varies, tergandung on the location
and severity of the tumor:
- Surgery
Surgery is the most common treatment for penile cancer in
various stages. Cancer can be lifted with one of the following ways:
Wide local excision to get rid of the cancer and some normal
tissue surrounding the body
Amputation of the penis, in which part or the whole penis is
removed. This action is an action that is most frequently and most effective
for the treatment of cancer of the penis.
- Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is done by taking drugs that can kill cancer
cells. Fluorouracil cream (a chemotherapy drug that is used by rubbing on the
skin surface of the penis) is sometimes used for cancers of the penis that only
a very small area of the penis. Chemotherapy drugs can also be given as an
injection through a vein or taken by mouth (orally). Chemotherapy can also be
done as an adjunct therapy in tumor removal.
- Radiation Therapy (Radiotherapy)
Radiation therapy is done using x-rays or other high-energy
rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy can be done as a
single therapy or done after the surgery. Radiation therapy is usually
performed after tumor removal action that is localized and has not spread.
Radiation therapy / radiation have adverse effects on the
body, including reduced appetite, fatigue, skin reactions (such as irritation
and redness), injury or burns to the rectum, bladder infections, and hematuria
(bloody urine).
REFERENCE
- D, David C. Cancer - Penis. Medline Plus. 2012.
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